| The
right of publicity prevents the unauthorized commercial
exploitation of a person's name, likeness, voice, signature,
and other identifiable and distinctive aspects. While
there is no federal law specifically governing rights
of publicity, the Lanham Act provides protection against
falsely designating the origin of a product by using
the persona of another. However, several states, including
California, have statutes protecting personas from unauthorized
commercial exploitation. According to California Civil
Code § 3344:
"Any
person who knowingly uses another's name, voice, signature,
photograph, or likeness, in any manner, on or in products,
merchandise, or goods, or for purposes of advertising
or selling, or soliciting purchases of, products, merchandise,
goods or services, without such person's prior consent,
or, in the case of a minor, the prior consent of his
parent or legal guardian, shall be liable for any damages
sustained by the person or persons injured as a result
thereof. In addition, in any action brought under this
section, the person who violated the section shall be
liable to the injured party or parties in an amount
equal to the greater of seven hundred fifty dollars
($750) or the actual damages suffered by him or her
as a result of the unauthorized use, and any profits
from the unauthorized use that are attributable to the
use and are not taken into account in computing the
actual damages. In establishing such profits, the injured
party or parties are required to present proof only
of the gross revenue attributable to such use, and the
person who violated this section is required to prove
his or her deductible expenses. Punitive damages may
also be awarded to the injured party or parties. The
prevailing party in any action under this section shall
also be entitled to attorney's fees and costs."
The
First Amendment to the Constitution gives a legal exception
and allows for a persona to be used for a newsworthy
purpose. For purposes of freedom of speech, a newsworthy
purpose is one involving matters of legitimate public
concern about an individual. |